Epicurus
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Epicurus was an ancient Greek philosopher who founded the school of philosophy known as Epicureanism. He was born on the island of Samos in 341 BCE and later moved to Athens, where he established a community of followers. Epicurus taught that the pursuit of happiness through the cultivation of friendships, the enjoyment of simple pleasures, and the avoidance of pain should be the primary goals of life. He believed that understanding the world through reason and observation could lead to a tranquil and fulfilling existence.
His teachings emphasized the importance of personal experience and empirical evidence over dogma. Epicurus also proposed a materialistic view of the universe, suggesting that everything is composed of atoms moving in a void. This perspective challenged the conventional religious beliefs of his time, promoting a form of atheism that viewed the gods as indifferent to human affairs. His works, including "Principal Doctrines" and letters to his followers, have influenced countless thinkers throughout history, making him a pivotal figure in both philosophy and science.