Henri Pirenne

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Henri Pirenne was a prominent Belgian historian known for his influential works on medieval history. He is best recognized for his thesis that the rise of the Middle Ages in Western Europe was fundamentally shaped by the economic and cultural shifts brought about by the Muslim conquests. His most famous work, "Mohammed and Charlemagne," argues that the Islamic expansion disrupted the trade routes of the Mediterranean, leading to a transformation in European society and the eventual rise of feudalism. Pirenne's ideas challenged the traditional narratives of the Middle Ages and contributed significantly to the study of the period.