John Rawls
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John Rawls was an influential American political philosopher best known for his work in the field of political liberalism and social justice. His seminal book, "A Theory of Justice," published in 1971, introduced the concept of justice as fairness, which proposed that a just society is one that ensures fairness and equality for all its members. Rawls argued that principles of justice should be chosen behind a "veil of ignorance," where individuals do not know their own social status, abilities, or personal characteristics, ensuring impartiality in the decision-making process.
Throughout his career, Rawls continued to refine and expand his theories, engaging with various critiques and adapting his ideas to address contemporary issues. His later works, including "Justice as Fairness: A Restatement," further developed his philosophical framework and influenced a generation of scholars and policymakers. Rawls's ideas have had a lasting impact on modern political philosophy, making him a central figure in discussions of justice, equality, and the role of institutions in society.