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Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst. His work has profoundly influenced not only psychology but also art, literature, and the understanding of human behavior. Freud introduced concepts such as the unconscious mind, defense mechanisms, and the significance of dreams, which have become foundational in the field of psychology.

Freud's theories sparked debates and controversies, particularly regarding sexuality and repression. His exploration of the human psyche and the complexities of mental illness has left a lasting legacy. Freud's ideas about the influence of childhood experiences on adult personality continue to resonate in therapeutic practices today, making him one of the most significant figures in the history of psychology.