John C. (John Caldwell) Calhoun

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John C. Calhoun was an influential American politician and political theorist from South Carolina, known for his strong defense of states' rights and his role as a prominent advocate for slavery in the antebellum South. He served as the seventh Vice President of the United States under John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson. His political career spanned several decades, during which he was a member of the House of Representatives, a Senator, and Secretary of War. Calhoun's writings, including 'A Disquisition on Government,' laid the foundations for his political philosophy, emphasizing the importance of minority rights and the dangers of majority rule.

Calhoun's legacy is complex, as he was a key figure in the development of the Southern political identity and the defense of slavery. His ideas greatly influenced the political landscape of the United States leading up to the Civil War. Despite the controversies surrounding his views, Calhoun remains a significant figure in American history, with his thoughts on government and political theory continuing to provoke discussion and analysis.