John Humphrey Noyes

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John Humphrey Noyes was a prominent American social reformer and the founder of the Oneida Community, a religious and utopian society established in the mid-19th century. Born in Brattleboro, Vermont, he was deeply influenced by the revivalist movements of his time, which shaped his views on communal living and social equality. Noyes advocated for complex marriage, a form of polyamory where all members of the community were considered married to one another, which was a radical departure from conventional relationships in 19th-century America.

Noyes's vision extended beyond marriage; he aimed to create a society free from the constraints of traditional capitalist structures. Under his leadership, the Oneida Community flourished, becoming known for its innovative practices in industry, agriculture, and social organization. Although the community disbanded in the late 19th century, Noyes's ideas on communal living and social cooperation left a lasting impact on various social movements that followed, influencing thinkers and activists committed to utopian ideals.