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Pope John Paul II, born Karol Józef Wojtyła, served as the head of the Catholic Church from 1978 until his death in 2005. He was the first non-Italian pope in 455 years and significantly influenced the Church's approach to modern issues. His papacy was marked by a commitment to interfaith dialogue, human rights, and the promotion of peace around the world. He was instrumental in the fall of communism in Eastern Europe, particularly in his native Poland, by encouraging solidarity and resistance to oppressive regimes.

John Paul II was known for his extensive travels, becoming the most widely traveled pope in history, visiting over 120 countries. He emphasized the importance of youth in the church and established World Youth Day, which continues to engage young people in the faith. His legacy includes numerous encyclicals and a deep commitment to social justice, making him a pivotal figure in the Catholic Church's modern history.