Malý testement

François de Montcorbier dit Villon (né en 1431 à Paris, disparu en 1463) est un poète français de la fin du Moyen Âge. Il est probablement l'auteur français le plus connu de cette période. Les romantiques en firent le précurseur des poètes maudits. Les seules sources contemporaines dont nous disposons concernant Villon sont, outre ses propres écrits littéraires, six documents administratifs relatifs à ses procès. Ainsi, il faut soigneusement séparer les faits établis avec une quasi-certitude de la « légende Villon » à laquelle il a lui-même largement contribué en se mettant en scène dans ses œuvres.

François Villon (c. 1431 – after 5 January 1463) was a French poet, thief, and vagabond. He is perhaps best known for his Testaments and his Ballade des Pendus, written while in prison. The question "Mais où sont les neiges d'antan?", taken from the Ballade des dames du temps jadis and translated by Dante Gabriel Rossetti as "Where are the snows of yesteryear?", is one of the most famous lines of translated secular poetry in the English-speaking world. Villon was a great innovator in terms of the themes of poetry and, through these themes, a great renovator of the forms. He understood perfectly the medieval courtly ideal, but he often chose to write against the grain, reversing the values and celebrating the lowlifes destined for the gallows, falling happily into parody or lewd jokes, and constantly innovating in his diction and vocabulary; a few minor poems make extensive use of Parisian thieves' slang. Still Villon's verse is mostly about his own life, a record of poverty, trouble, and trial which was certainly shared by his poems' intended audience. Villon, nearly unknown in his own time, was rediscovered in the 16th century when his works were published by Clément Marot. The most commonly featured motifs that can be found in Villon's poetry are "carpe diem", "ubi sunt", "memento mori" and "danse macabre". - Wikipedia