Ground Improvement By Deep Vibratory Methods

Vibro-compaction and vibro-stone columns are the two dynamic methods of soil improvement most commonly used worldwide. These methods have been developed over seventy years and are now in a position of unrivalled importance amongst modern foundation measures. The first works on granular soil by densification, and the second is used to displace and reinforce fine grained and cohesive soils by introducing inert material. This practical guide for professional geotechnical engineers outlines the development of vibratory deep compaction, describes the equipment used, sets out the methods and techniques and provides state of the art design principles and quality control procedures. It also identifies the practical limitations of the methods. Case studies from South East Asia and the Middle East are used to illustrate the methods and to demonstrate how they apply in real world conditions. The book concludes with some variations of the basic methods, evaluates the economic and environmental benefits of the methods and gives contractual guidance.