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原因很簡單,它處理的是歷史的大問題、現代世界的大問題,
而且,它的寫作風格是刻骨銘心的生動。你會愛上它!
——戴蒙(Jared Diamond),普立茲獎巨著《槍炮、病菌與鋼鐵》作者
十萬年前,地球上至少有六個人種,
但今日,只剩下一個人種:智人(Homo sapiens),亦即明智的人種。
但是我們真的明智嗎?
從只能啃食虎狼吃剩的殘骨的猿人,到躍居食物鏈頂端的智人,
從雪維洞穴壁上的原始人手印,到阿姆斯壯踩上月球的腳印,
從認知革命、農業革命,到科學革命、生物科技革命,
我們是如何登上世界舞臺、成為萬物之靈的?
從西元前1776年的《漢摩拉比法典》,到1776年的〈美國獨立宣言〉,
從帝國主義、資本主義,到自由主義、消費主義,
從獸慾、情慾、到物慾,從獸性、人性、到神性,
我們瞭解自己嗎?我們過得更快樂嗎?
我們究竟希望自己想要得到什麼、變成什麼?
本書作者哈拉瑞希望滿足讀者的是:
「請給我單單一本書,不到五百頁的篇幅,用清晰可讀的散文,不填塞一堆令人暈頭轉向的年份、人名、地名、稱號,就能涵蓋了人類如何崛起、如何被農作物綁架……乃至影響現代生活甚巨的資本主義、一神教、自由人文主義、基因工程……如何興盛的重大脈絡,讓我洞悉其中的關鍵和意涵。」
許多所謂「大歷史」書,標榜要給讀者一個完整的人類歷史輪廓,但很少成功。
通常,描寫文字發明之前的年代,是生物學家、考古學家的專長;但是文字發明之後的年代,則是歷史學家、政治學家和經濟學家的擅場。
至於如何讓這兩大段歷史之間沒有斷層,能夠有一以貫之的宏觀解讀,過去幾乎沒人做得到。許多著名史家的作品,由於欠缺遺傳學或生態學的視野,很多關鍵史事的詮釋,也只是隔靴搔癢。
《人類大歷史:從野獸到扮演上帝》,分成四部分來描述人類大歷史:
七萬年前的大腦認知革命(有能力談八卦,想像不存在的事物,讓陌生人開始合作、建立組織)、一萬兩千年前的農業革命(讓我們渴求更多、生產更多,分工分職愈趨細膩)、五百年前的科學革命(帶來快速進步,讓我們擁有上帝的力量,也帶來毀滅)、以及導致全球大一統、人類大融合的關鍵因素——金錢、帝國、宗教。
作者還希望這本《人類大歷史》能填補傳統史書的三個鴻溝:
歷史觀與哲學觀之間的鴻溝(這本書要提供有史實根據的深刻哲學思考)、人類和生態系統之間的鴻溝(這本書要讓讀者多從生態系來思考,而不是只講人類的利益)、集體和個人之間的鴻溝(檢視歷史事件如何影響到當時一般人的生活,例如當時的平民感受如何?有沒有人更幸福或更悲慘?)。
作者認為,讀者若是錯過這樣的觀點和角度,不帶著這些疑問來思考,將會一再錯過歷史中最關鍵、最有意思的部分。
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리뷰
모두 보기So, I just finished "Sapiens" by Yuval Noah Harari, and honestly, it was a bit of a slog. Don't get me wrong, I can see why people rave about it, but it just wasn't my cup of tea.First off, this book is looong. Like, way too long. 450 pages? Come on, Harari, ever heard of editing? It could've easily been trimmed down to 300 pages without losing much. There were times I seriously considered giving up, but I pushed through because of all the hype.The amount of detail in this book is overwhelming. Maybe I'm not the target audience, but there's so much information that I found myself not really caring about. It gets repetitive too, with some points being hammered home over and over.I've got some beef with some of Harari's takes. Like, claiming the British Empire peacefully gave independence to its colonies? That's a bit of a stretch. And comparing violence levels between eras by just looking at numbers? It feels like it's disregarding the value of individual lives in the past.To be fair, the book is packed with information, and I can see how history buffs or anthropology enthusiasts might love it. But for me, right now, it was just too much. Maybe I'll give it another shot in a few years when I'm in a different headspace.If you're super into this kind of deep dive into human history and don't mind a hefty read, you might want to check it out. But if you're looking for a light, breezy read about human history, this ain't it.For now, I'm chalking this up as "not for me" and moving on to something a bit more my speed. Maybe I'll revisit it someday, but for now, it's a 2 out of 5 for me.