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Emanuel Lasker, PhD (December 24, 1868 – January 11, 1941) was a German chess player, mathematician, and philosopher who was World Chess Champion for 27 years (from 1894 to 1921). In his prime Lasker was one of the most dominant champions, and he is still generally regarded as one of the strongest players ever. In 1906 he published a booklet titled Kampf (Struggle), in which he attempted to create a general theory of all competitive activities, including chess, business and war.